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Biotechnology for
Diabetes (2005)
<table width="485" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tr> <td valign="top"> <span class="diseaseSubTitle">The disease</span><br> <span class="rteColumn">Diabetes is a metabolic disorder defined by a chronic excess of sugar in the blood. It is caused by absence of the secretion of insulin (a hormone which normally regulates the rate of blood sugar) or a decrease in its efficacy. sheaths in the brain and spinal cord. </span> <a href="more.php?diseaseid=17&bloc=1" class="lienBleu">More</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><img src="../images/pix.gif" width="1" height="15"></td> </tr> </table> <table width="485" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tr> <td valign="top"> <span class="diseaseSubTitle">How many people are affected ?</span><br> There are approximately 150 million diabetics throughout the world today. Because of the increasing rates of obesity and sedentary life-styles, this figure could double in the next 20 years. <a href="more.php?diseaseid=17&bloc=2" class="lienBleu">More</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><img src="../images/pix.gif" width="1" height="15"></td> </tr> </table> <table width="485" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tr> <td valign="top"> <span class="diseaseSubTitle">How many people die from the disease?</span><br> Currently updated... <a href="more.php?diseaseid=17&bloc=3" class="lienBleu">More</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><img src="../images/pix.gif" width="1" height="15"></td> </tr> </table> <table width="485" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tr> <td valign="top"> <span class="diseaseSubTitle">Living with the disease</span><br> The complications of diabetes are serious and irreversible. The excess sugar damages blood vessels which then no longer irrigate organs correctly and they are slowly destroyed. In developed countries, diabetes is the first cause of blindness and kidney transplant. <a href="more.php?diseaseid=17&bloc=4" class="lienBleu">More</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><img src="../images/pix.gif" width="1" height="15"></td> </tr> <tr> <td><span class="diseaseSubTitle">Treatment <font color='#FFFFFF' size=-2>Témoignage patient de </font> </span></td> </tr> <tr> <td><span class="diseaseText"><img src="../images/pix.gif" width="1" height="10"></span></td> </tr> </table> <table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5"> <tr> <td valign="top" bgcolor="#B9E3FF"> <span class="diseaseSubTitle2">Classical appoaches</span><br> After the discovery of the role of insulin in the 1920’s, diabetics began injecting bovine and porcine insulins. In addition to the difficulty of production and purification, these insulins of animal origin carried a small risk of reaction of the patient’s immune system because of the minimal differences with human insulin. The principal limitation of these animal origin insulins is the poor blood sugar concentration control leading to major complications. <a href="more.php?diseaseid=17&bloc=5" class="lienBleu">More</a></td> <td> </td> <td valign="top" bgcolor="#B9E3FF"> <span class="diseaseSubTitle2">Biotech revolutions</span><br> Insulin of human origin began to be marketed in the early 1980’s and was the first application of Biotechnology in the field of medicine. It gave diabetics access to an insulin identical to human insulin and which was perfectly pure. The many innovations introduced since then have produced insulins or insulin analogues which offer rates of insulin in the blood reproducing the normal variations over a period of 24 hours, and required to avoid damage to organs. <a href="more.php?diseaseid=17&bloc=6" class="lienBleu">More</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><img src="../images/spacer.gif" width="227" height="1"></td> <td><img src="../images/spacer.gif" width="1" height="1"></td> <td><img src="../images/spacer.gif" width="227" height="1"></td> </tr> <tr bgcolor="#B9E3FF"> <td colspan="3"> <span class="diseaseSubTitle2">Drugs currently available</span><br> There are numerous forms of insulin or of insulin analogues produce as recombinant protein: human insulin strickly speaking, and modified analogues, such insulin-lispro, insulin-glargine and insulin-detemir. These proteins are then introduced into medical preparations and put on the market by a number of different pharmaceutical companies. <a href="more.php?diseaseid=17&bloc=7" class="lienBleu">More</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3"><img src="../images/pix.gif" width="1" height="5"></td> </tr> </table> <table width="485" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tr> <td valign="top"> <span class="diseaseSubTitle">Number of patients treated</span><br> In France, more than 300,000 diabetics receive treatment with insulin. They have either type 1 diabetes, strictly dependent on insulin, or type 2 diabetes, where their blood sugar rate is not sufficiently corrected by the drugs. <a href="more.php?diseaseid=17&bloc=8" class="lienBleu">More</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><img src="../images/pix.gif" width="1" height="15"></td> </tr> </table> <table width="485" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tr> <td valign="top"> <span class="diseaseSubTitle">Future</span><br> The new developments in insulin treatment are essentially concerned with new methods of administration (insulin taken orally or by inhalation) so as to avoid repeated injections. <a href="more.php?diseaseid=17&bloc=9" class="lienBleu">More</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><img src="../images/pix.gif" width="1" height="15"></td> </tr> </table> <table width="485" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tr> <td valign="top"> <span class="diseaseSubTitle">Costs to society</span><br> The cost of diabetes is considerable and represents at least 5% of health care costs in the principal industrialized countries (i.e. € 5.7 billion in France). <a href="more.php?diseaseid=17&bloc=10" class="lienBleu">More</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><img src="../images/pix.gif" width="1" height="15"></td> </tr> </table>
